Ujjain: The Ethereal City of Temples
Famously known as the 'City of Temples,' Ujjain is located in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. It is also referred to as 'Ujjaini,' 'Avantikapuri,' 'Avanti,' and 'Ujain.' It is one of the four sacred cities that host the world-famous Kumbh Mela in India. Ujjain is also known as the educational centre where Lord Krishna, his brother Balrama, and his friend Sudama received their education.
Literary legends like Kalidasa, renowned rulers such as Chandragupta II, and prominent scholars including Brahmagupta are associated with Ujjain. Several ancient Hindu astronomers considered this city as the Prime Meridian and used it as the centre of early Indian maps. Buddhism also flourished here from the 4th century BC.
Following are the main attractions of Ujjain:
Shri Mahakaleshwar Temple: This temple is revered for its rich heritage and houses one of the 12 Jyotirlingas of Lord Shiva. The powerful and energetic Bhasm Aarti, performed early in the morning, is a major attraction. The temple also features idols of Lord Shiva, Goddess Parvati, Ganesh, Kartikeya, and other deities.
Kal Bhairva:
The idol of Kal Bhairva was built by
King Bhadresen on the banks of the river Shipra. Kal Bhairva,
a fierce form of Lord Shiva associated with destruction, is highly revered.
Among the eight Kal Bhairavas, this one is considered the most
important by Shaivites. The two sects,
Aghora and Kapalika, are known for worshipping
Kal Bhairva.
Jantar Mantar: Also known as the Vedh Shala Observatory, it was established in the 17th century. The term "jantar mantar" is derived from 'yantra' (instrument) and 'mantra' (formula). Ujjain was once a major centre for astronomical studies in ancient India.
Bhartrihari Caves: Located near the river Shipra, these caves are named after the sage Bhartrihari, renowned for literary works such as Neetishatak, Vairagyashatak, and Sringarshatak. The caves lie close to the Gadkalika Temple.
Sandipani Ashram: Lord Krishna and Sudama received their education under Guru Sandipani at this ashram. This makes Ujjain a significant centre of ancient learning. A stone engraved with numbers from 0 to 100 was discovered here, indicating its importance in early education.
Gomti Kund: One of the holiest spots in Ujjain, this steep water tank lies close to the Sandipani Ashram. It is believed that Lord Krishna summoned all holy rivers to this kund so that his Guru could perform rituals with ease. Excavations here revealed artifacts similar to those found in Indraprastha, Kausambhi, Mathura, and Hastinapura.
Excursions from Ujjain: Travellers can explore nearby destinations such as Indore (55 km), Bhopal (192 km), and Pachmarhi (390 km).
Shopping in Ujjain:
Handicrafts made by local tribal artisans are popular among visitors. Pottery
and bamboo crafts are also widely available.
When to Reach: The best time to visit Ujjain is during the winter months, when the weather is pleasant for sightseeing.
How to Reach:
Air: The Indore Airport is located 5 km from Ujjain.
Rail: Ujjain Railway Station is well connected to major cities
across India.
Road: Buses to Ujjain are available from cities such as
Gwalior, Indore, Bhopal, Nagpur, and Ajmer.
